The Primary Space Cell Theory

Abstract

The Primary Space Cell (PSC) Theory proposes that the fabric of physical reality is constructed from discrete, self-updating space units.

These units serve as both the storage of fundamental substance and the reflective medium for higher-level physical processes.

The theory introduces the Basic Step of Frequency (BSF) as a universal temporal rhythm synchronizing all PSCs, ensuring consistency of matter, energy, and perceived time.

The framework replaces particle-based ontology with a system of continuous spatial reconfiguration. PSC theory replaces the concept of expanding spacetime with a constant-frequency lattice of interacting cells, where phenomena such as gravitation, redshift, and quantum behavior emerge from the dynamics of PSC reconfiguration, not from metric deformation.

 

Foundational Premises

For any matter to exist, space must accommodate it.

For space to accommodate matter, it must possess the ability to reflect the substance of that matter.

Existence and progression of matter thus correspond to the ongoing reconfiguration of space. It happens in fractions of space — Primary Space Cells — which represent the minimal meaningful portions of physical existence.

Each PSC possesses an intrinsic capacity for inner update at a universal tempo, the Basic Step of Frequency (BSF). 

 

Major Axioms

 

Axiom 1

PSC (Primary Space Cell) — irreducible 3-D volumetric unit of space. Every physically meaningful volume is a PSC or a cooperative pattern of PSCs. PSCs have fixed volume (no expansion). PSC represents the minimal possible space to accomodate minimal meaningful substance (energy unit). So it has size of Planck Length or less.

Axiom 2

Locked energy unit — each PSC contains one fundamental unit of “looped” energy (same magnitude for every PSC). Different PSC configurations correspond to different macroscopic phenomena; “empty” is just one configuration.

Axiom 3

BSF (Basic Step of Frequency) — a universal, global tick. Each PSC deterministically updates its internal configuration once per BSF, which is absolute in the model (conceptually analogous to Planck time).

Axiom 4

Emergence — macroscopic matter/energy/fields are stable, collective patterns of PSC configurations. There is no transfer of locked energy between PSCs as a separate process — only reconfiguration.

Axiom 5

PSC-magnetism — a PSC configuration can bias the allowed configurations of other PSCs (locally or at a distance). These biases are the mechanism of interaction.

Axiom 6

Conservation & no expansion — total locked energy in PSC lattice is fixed by construction; creating new PSCs (true metric expansion) would mean creating net fundamental energy and thus violates conservation in this ontology.

Axiom 7

Motion & time — motion is sequential re-instantiation of a pattern across PSCs each BSF tick; “time” is the macroscopic perception of BSF-driven change.

Axiom 8

“Higher levels energy” is nothing but complex configurations of PSC. So the “energy” of high levels is just an illusion, which appears from simultaneous reconfiguration of multiple PSC structures. The same as “time” is nothing but illusion, emerging from the constant updates of PSC upon BSF.

 


 

Implications

In PSC Theory, every Primary Space Cell (PSC) contains its own basic energy. All larger energy forms that we observe — such as light, matter, or motion — are combinations of many PSC energies acting together.

Each PSC holds a fixed amount of energy that never changes its amount. This energy can only update the state of that PSC itself — it cannot move or be transferred to another cell.

An “empty” PSC still holds the same energy as a “full” one. The difference lies in how this energy interacts. Empty means low activity and weak influence on nearby PSCs, while full means strong activity and high influence.

PSCs influence each other through a field-like effect called PSC-magnetism. When one PSC takes on a certain configuration, nearby PSCs naturally adjust to related states. This keeps space connected and consistent.

Through PSC-magnetism, groups of PSCs can link together into stable structures that behave as one system. These collective structures make up all physical matter and fields.

Each PSC acts as a loop containing its energy. The Basic Step of Frequency (BSF) defines how fast this loop updates. Together, PSC and BSF form the basic rhythm of all processes in space.

Because each PSC keeps its own fixed energy, the total amount of energy in space never changes. Energy cannot be created or destroyed — only rearranged through PSC reconfigurations.

PSCs, BSF, and PSC-magnetism work together: PSC is the container, BSF is the timing pulse, and PSC-magnetism “connects” cells. This system allows space to stay dynamic and self-balanced without transferring energy between cells.

If space were to expand, it would require creating new PSCs — and therefore new energy — which would break the conservation laws. Expansion would also disrupt stable PSC structures, which we do not observe.

 


 

Correlation with Observable Phenomena

# Empirically Confirmed Observation Match with PSC Notes & Connection to Maxwell
1 Vacuum energy / zero-point fluctuations (Casimir effect) ✅ Strong match “Empty” space in PSC = PSCs with minimal psc-magnetism but nonzero looped energy. Explains vacuum effects as structured PSC configurations. (Compatible with quantum vacuum observations.)
2 Self-sustaining electromagnetic fields (Maxwell’s equations) ✅ Strong match Local PSC reconfigurations (psc-magnetism) produce the same looped induction; discrete staggered updates reproduce Yee-type scheme → Maxwell in continuum limit.
3 Constancy of the speed of light (c) ✅ Full match In PSC, c = Δx / Δt (PSC size over BSF tick). Universal BSF enforces uniform propagation tempo. Empirical constancy preserved.
4 Quantum entanglement (Bell tests) ✅ Partial match PSC’s global BSF synchrony provides a mechanism for instantaneous correlations without superluminal signals; observational statistics remain the same as QM.
5 Wave–particle duality, interference ✅ Strong match Particles = stable PSC configuration patterns; waves = distributed PSC oscillations. Double-slit and interference arise naturally from coherent reconfiguration patterns.
6 Conservation of energy ✅ Perfect match PSC locked looped energy is fixed; energy is redistributed by state changes, never created/destroyed — exactly consistent with empirical conservation.
7 Quantum vacuum stability (observed constant vacuum density) ✅ Strong match PSC baseline (lowest magnetism) provides constant vacuum baseline; matches observations of stable vacuum energy density.
8 Planck-scale measurement limits ✅ Probable match PSC cell size and BSF tick plausibly map onto Planck length/time; PSC treats Planck scale as true substrate limit — no observational contradiction.
9 Relativistic time dilation (atomic clocks, GPS) ✅ Partial reinterpretation PSC: “dilation” is increased local BSF cost (more ticks needed for equivalent updates) near massive/fast systems. Observational outcomes match, cause differs from spacetime geometry.
10 Gravitational lensing / trajectory deflection ✅ Functional match PSC-magnetism gradients change local reconfiguration tempo and effective propagation paths, producing the same lensing signatures as observed. Equivalent observables; different ontology.
11 Cosmic Microwave Background (isotropy & spectrum) ✅ Alternative match PSC: large-scale equilibrium of psc-magnetism can produce isotropic background radiation patterns; origin narrative is steady-state PSC equilibrium rather than “early space” relic.
12 Quantum tunneling ✅ Possible match Rapid PSC reconfiguration across configurations can allow transitions through classically forbidden configurations—matches tunneling statistics if micro-rules are tuned accordingly.
13 Photoelectric effect & photon quantization ✅ Match Discrete PSC energy units naturally map to quantized photon energy absorption/emission consistent with observations.
14 Entropy increase (2nd law) ✅ Reinterpreted match Entropy ≈ increasing configuration diversity across PSCs; total energy fixed, but macroscopic disorder arises from growing microstate complexity.
15 Measurement collapse / interference loss ✅ Match Measurement = large-scale synchronization forcing one PSC configuration; interference disappears due to forced local reconfiguration alignment.
16 Null ether result (Michelson–Morley) ✅ Neutral / consistent PSC field is not a flowing medium; it is a static-in-structure dynamic-in-state lattice—no preferred absolute motion detected, consistent with experimental null results.
17 Lorentz symmetry in local experiments ✅ Consistent (if isotropy holds) If PSC micro-rules are isotropic (or effectively averaged), emergent Lorentz symmetry and isotropy of c follow. This is a design constraint on micro-rules.
18 Discrete energy levels (atomic spectra) ✅ Strong conceptual match Stable PSC configuration patterns produce discrete energy eigenstates matching quantized spectra when mapped to atomic models.
19 Casimir force / vacuum boundary effects ✅ Natural explanation PSC boundary conditions alter local magnetism configurations, changing allowed reconfiguration modes—gives rise to measurable Casimir-like forces.
20 No observed deviation of c in vacuum ✅ Consistent Universal BSF enforces uniform propagation tempo; experiments that bound c variability are satisfied by PSC assumptions.

 

Conclusion

The Primary Space Cell (PSC) Theory proposes that all physical reality emerges from a continuous field of discrete energy units — PSCs — each maintaining a fixed, self-contained loop of energy that reconfigures at a universal rhythm, the Basic Step of Frequency (BSF).

This framework replaces the need for energy transfer between points in space with a model of constant local reconfiguration, where observable phenomena arise from synchronized updates across countless PSCs.

Through the mechanism of PSC-magnetism, these cells interact to form stable, large-scale structures, giving rise to matter, fields, and motion. Energy conservation, isotropy, and system stability naturally follow from this foundation.

In this view, space itself is the active medium of existence — not a passive backdrop — and every process, from light propagation to atomic behavior, is an emergent expression of coordinated PSC dynamics.

 

Idea and fundamental concept: Ragnar Sepp

Scientific evaluation: Artificial Analyser

Organising software: ByCycle